Justice

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the category of justice – central to social and political philosophy and ethics. The genesis of this category in the history of political thought is studied, and the basic modern concepts of justice are considered. At present there is a wide discourse of justice in relation to various problems of social and political life in the world – such concepts as intercultural, global and environmental justice come to the fore. Nevertheless, the basis of modern discussions are approaches to understanding justice, which genetically date back to the two basic traditions, ancient (antique-medieval) and new European. The first relates justice to the concept of good, the second – to the concept of law. The article investigates importance of this category in the philosophy of the greatest thinkers of Antiquity and Modern times. It studies the key concepts of justice in modern political philosophy (both legal and teleological). From the point of view of the author, the most satisfactory answer about the modern content of the concept of “justice” is given by the functionalist conceptions of the human good (A. Sen, M. Nussbaum).